The term ‘terracotta’ has a Latin origin with ‘land-vsotta’ literally means “cooked earth”. Terracotta art is practiced in many parts of the world. In India, this craft form exists at a high level mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and West Bengal. Of these, Rajasthan, followed by West Bengal, are the two most popular centers for the creation and trade of terracotta crafts. Carved with passion and precision, the traditional terracotta works of Rajasthan are the sensual representations of worshipers of nature. Rajasthan’s terrain is rough and challenging. Nature has been very stingy with her bounty to the people here. Still, with a lively spirit, Rajasthani artists express their love and desire for Mother Nature through their exquisite terracotta art. Practicing the terracotta craft through the generation, often the whole family is involved in the occupation.
Terracotta potters use two types of clay, collected from local ponds. One has a smooth, plastic consistency. It is used to create figurines. The other type of terracotta is coarse and granular. It is used to create plaques. Winter is the best time for terracotta pottery because wet clay settles properly and water dries slowly. This prevents the development of cracks, which are common in summer, especially in large pieces. To three parts of clay, one part of donkey waste is added. This makes it easy to mold into different shapes. Once molded, the models are dried in the sun for days. They are then baked in an oven for three to four hours. Painting is the final stage. Originally, artists used natural colors to paint their models, but safe artificial colors are now used to make the pieces vibrantly attractive.
Since time immemorial, pottery has been one of the main occupations of the people of Rajasthan. From the Mesolithic era to the Gupta rulers, we can see terracotta art at its accentuated best. Terracotta deities are worshipped. In addition, clay jars are prolifically used to carry water throughout the country. Terracotta art is now mainly a representation of urban aesthetics in the form of folklore, mythological characters, human figures, accessories, vases, and decorative items such as vases, lamps, murals, diyas, etc. They are an amalgamation of rustic charm and modern sensibilities.
Take a look at the world of fashion and you will feel the essence of West Bengal terracotta jewelry ‘déjà vu’. Large medallion necklaces, paired with drop earrings and bows add an aura of bohemian/oriental flair to western attire! Its bold colors and intricate art are designed to enhance your appearance! You will also find terracotta moldings in the shape of masks and pencil holders. The list is endless. The world of terracotta art leaves you in awe with its intricately designed amulets.